Body and World is the definitive edition of a book that shouldnow take its place as a major contribution to contemporary existentialphenomenology. Samuel Todes goes beyond Martin Heidegger and MauriceMerleau-Ponty in his description of how independent physical natureand experience are united in our bodily action. His account allows himto preserve the authority of experience while avoiding the tendencytoward idealism that threatens both Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty.Todes emphasizes the complex structure of the human body ;front/back asymmetry, the need to balance in a (...) gravitational field, and so forth ;and the role that structure plays in producing the spatiotemporal field of experience and in making possible objective knowledge of the objects in it. He shows that perception involves nonconceptual, but nonetheless objective forms of judgment. One can think of Body and World as fleshing out Merleau-Ponty's project while presciently relating it to the current interest in embodiment, not only in philosophy but also in psychology, linguistics, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, and anthropology. Todes's work opens new ways of thinking about problems such as the relation of perception to thought and the possibility of knowing an independent reality ;problems that have occupied philosophers since Kant and still concern analytic and continental philosophy. (shrink)

Much can be gained by specifying the operation of the emulation process. A brief review of studies from diverse domains, including complex motor-skill representation, emotion perception, and face memory, highlights that emulation theory offers precise explanations of results and novel predictions. However, the neural instantiation of the emulation process requires development to move the theory from armchair to laboratory.

Maria Kokoszyńska-Lutmanowa (1906-1981) was a Polish philosopher and student of Kazimierz Twardowski, the founder of the Lvov-Warsaw School. In 1938 she went to the University of Cambridge (Newnham College) on a Sarah Smitton Fellowship. There she attended George Edward Moore’s lectures as well as one of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Lectures on the Foundations of Mathematics in 1939. In this interview which was conducted with Alois Eder she talks about her encounter with Wittgenstein. It was published in 1978 in the Polish art (...) and culture magazine Odra and is her only published memoir about Wittgenstein. The interview is republished here both in English translation and as facsimile of the original publication with the kind permission of the Odra magazine. (shrink)

L’article aborde la problématique des actes normatifs de droit pénal adoptés en Pologne dans les années 1944–1956. L’auteur essaie de répondre à la question : comment le régime politique et l’idéologie stalinienne ont-ils influencé la manière de rédiger les textes juridiques de cette branche du droit lors des plus grandes répressions par le pouvoir d’après-guerre en Pologne? À partir de 1944, le droit pénal a été adapté aux besoins des autorités communistes, contrôlées par l’Union soviétique. Dans la période analysée, on (...) a introduit en Pologne plus de cent actes normatifs englobant des dispositions pénales. L’idéologisation du droit pénal est visible dans toutes les parties des actes normatifs : titres, préambules et dispositions juridiques. On retrouve dans leur contenu les valeurs politiques, économiques et sociales fondamentales pour l’idéologie du stalinisme, dont les thèses ont été mises en œuvre en Pologne après la fin de l’occupation allemande. (shrink)

Z wielu kwestii, które Jacek Wojtysiak podjął w swojej nowej książce Między ukryciem a jawnością (2023), na szczególną uwagę zasługuje polemika z Johnem L. Schellenbergiem, dotycząca problemu Bożej ukrytości. J.L. Schellenberg w pomysłowy sposób chce pokazać, że samo istnienie ateistów wystawia na próbę prawdziwość tezy o istnieniu osobowego Boga. W odpowiedzi Wojtysiak odwraca argument J.L. Schellenberga, twierdząc, że powszechność wiary wystawia na próbę przekonanie ateisty. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, że tak jak właściwym wnioskiem argumentu J.L. Schellenberga nie jest teza ateistyczna, (...) tak samo argument J. Wojtysiaka tak naprawdę nie broni teizmu. O obu argumentach należałoby raczej powiedzieć, że są to rozumowania, które wspierają ultymizm. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej przedstawiam argument J.L. Schellenberga z „Bożej ukrytości” oraz rekonstruuję argumentację J. Wojtysiaka z „wielkiego faktu wiary”. W drugiej części próbuję pokazać, że istnienie niemoralnych wierzących podważa tezę o powszechności wiary w teistycznego Boga. W trzeciej części przedstawiam oba argumenty jako wspierające tezę ultymizmu. (shrink)

Piotr Buczkowski/Poznari THE LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS Some remarks on sociology of knowledge /. Introduction Sociology of knowledge is a subbranch of social ...

En el presente artículo se hace el amplio análisis del concepto muy difundido en la época patrística y retomado por los medievales: el Verbum Abbreviatum que hace referencia a Rom 9, 28 y Is 10,22-23. Los padres enfoquan su interpretación en clave cristocéntrica mostrando a Cristo, el Verbo eterno del Padre, que encierra en si mismo toda la revelación. Esta concentración del ‘todo’ en Cristo tiene carácter absoluto e implica abreviarse en la realidad humana. No se trata sólo de la (...) kenosis, sino también de la idea de Cristo como resumen de toda la ley, síntesis de la fe y gracia salvífica. Los teólogos medievales anteriores a santo Tomás, aprovechan la idea para expresar distintas verdades cristológicas y mostrar un aspecto práctico para la vida cristiana . El Aquinate identificará el Verbum Abbreviatum con la síntesis de fe y resumen de la sabiduría de Dios, que permiten contemplar la revelación como un ‘todo’ que no se pierde en la multitud de formulas.This article provides a comprehensive analysis of a concept widely spread and taken up by the medieval: Verbum Abbreviatum referring to Rom 9, 28 and Is 10, 22-23. The Fathers interpret it in a Christocentric key showing Christ, the eternal Word of the Father as enclosing in Himself the whole revelation. This concentration of “all” in Christ is absolute and implies being abbreviated in human reality. It is not only about kenosis, but also about Christ as the summary of all the law, a synthesis of faith and saving grace. The medieval theologians before St Thomas take advantage of the idea to express different Christological ideas and show a practical aspect for the Christian life . The Aquinas is going to identify the Verbum Abbreviatum with a synthesis of faith and a summary of God’s wisdom, that allows to consider revelation as a whole which does not get lost among so many formulae. (shrink)

Książka Piotra Skrzypczaka jest bez wątpienia najpoważniejszą pracą poświęconą aktorstwu filmowemu, jaka do tej pory powstała w Polsce, i jak na taką skalę książką jedyną. Cóż bowiem opisywać: aktora, artystę, gwiazdę, człowieka uwikłanego w przemysł kinematograficzny, role itd.? Potencjalna wielość wyborów stanowi w gruncie rzeczy kłopot metodologiczny. Przyjęcie przez autora konstruktu teoretycznego, jakim jest fundamentalna dla książki kategoria „postaci ekranowej", i konsekwentne stosowanie go we wszystkich rozdziałach pozwala zachować dyscyplinę dyskursu. Piotr Zmerzchowski Autor pedantycznie i cierpliwie rozświetla i rozsupłuje (...) sekrety i paradoksy alchemicznej transformacji aktora w bohatera filmowego. Za pomocą instrumentarium antropologii, semiotyki i kognitywizmu metodycznie opisuje procesy aktorskiej kreacji, skrupulatnie precyzując pojęciowe statusy kondycji aktora, roli i postaci ekranowej. Tadeusz Szczepański. (shrink)

The general ideas of this book are of double origin. One source is akin to the relatively recent current of biological thought named Evo-Devo. Second source belongs to a more ancient French philosophical tradition represented, among others, by Bergson and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. Few words about the Evo-Devo research program. Its creation was prompted by the analysis of the developmental processes in the embryos of different species. About fifteen years ago some discoveries related to the dynamics of the embryological (...) development demonstrated a striking structural identity/stability of homeoboxes in different living forms. Homeoboxes are just small genes determining a strictly specific aminoacid sequence of short polypeptides which „act" like hormones, „regulating" the dynamism of the gradually developing body. The parentheses were used deliberately, to stress the arbitrary character of the „signalling". (shrink)

The ancient paradox of Protagoras had the opinion of an unsolved problem. The two solutions proposed in the 20th century by W. Lenzen and L. Aqvist are considered to be the best. In fact none of them may be treated as proper. In the paper we show that both of authors avoid contradiction solely by means of mere neglect. However quite a simple solution seems to be feasible when the paradox is approached as an amphibolic construction, thus an ambiguity.

W swojej książce Między ukryciem a jawnością. Esej z filozofii religii i teologii filozoficznej Jacek Wojtysiak podejmuje temat Bożego ukrycia. W początkowych rozdziałach wchodzi w polemikę z argumentem J.L. Schellenberga, który z istnienia rzetelnej niewiary wyciąga wniosek o nieistnieniu Boga. W celu zneutralizowania tego argumentu Wojtysiak odwraca go, konstruując argument na rzecz istnienia Boga z faktu istnienia rzetelnych wierzących, a następnie wzmacnia go do argumentu z wielkiego faktu wiary (i jego kolejnych wersji). Argumentuję, że odwrócone argumenty Wojtysiaka (z rzetelnych wierzących (...) i z wielkiego faktu wiary) nie są symetrycznym odbiciem wyjściowego argumentu z rzetelnych niewierzących, gdyż są od niego słabsze. Wskazuję, że niektóre argumenty Wojtysiaka mogą być odwrócone przez ateistę. Podnoszę też kwestię, że wniosek końcowych argumentów Wojtysiaka nie jest satysfakcjonujący dla teisty. (shrink)

Les références à la crémation sont extrêmement rares dans les textes bibliques. L’histoire de Saül et de ses trois fils reste un cas unique d’usage de l’incinération (1 S 31, 12-13). La signification de ce geste inhabituel dans le contexte biblique n’est pas claire. Depuis longtemps, le passage de 1 Samuel 31, 12 pose problème aux exégètes et aux historiens de la religion de l’ancien Israël. Cet article présente les diverses hypothèses qui furent proposées au sujet de la crémation de (...) Saül à partir de sources textuelles et matérielles provenant des fouilles de sépultures. (shrink)

Résumé L’article décrit le statut jurilinguistique des animaux qui découle des codes civils polonais et français. Le but est de vérifier si la législation de ces deux pays suit les changements sociaux liés à l’attitude des humains envers les animaux. L’étude s’appuie sur la méthodologie de l’image linguistique du monde — l’auteur essaie de reconstruire la définition d’_animal_ à partir des emplois de ce nom dans les deux actes normatifs. L’analyse sémantique des dispositions juridiques démontre que, dans les deux codes, (...) les animaux fonctionnent tout d’abord comme objet de différents droits et obligations, comme une partie du patrimoine, une chose qui dépend entièrement de l’homme et lui appartient. L’animal n’est pas considéré comme une catégorie distincte, mais il est soumis au régime des biens. En effet, les droits civils polonais et français tendent à réifier les animaux, en leur refusant un statut juridique différent de celui des choses et en restant indifférent aux changements sociaux contemporains. (shrink)

We characterize all finitary consequence relations over S4.3, both syntactically, by exhibiting so-called passive rules that extend the given logic, and semantically, by providing suitable strongly adequate classes of algebras. This is achieved by applying an earlier result stating that a modal logic L extending S4 has projective unification if and only if L contains S4.3. In particular, we show that these consequence relations enjoy the strong finite model property, and are finitely based. In this way, we extend the known (...) results by Bull and Fine, from logics, to consequence relations. We also show that the lattice of consequence relations over S4.3 is countable and distributive and it forms a Heyting algebra. (shrink)

The volume discusses the key documents, authors, themes and Early Christian traditions in succinct articles by eminent experts (including the Editors). The main 6 sections of the volume trace the vital trajectories of emerging distinctive Christian identity in the Graeco-Roman world and diversities of theologies. Special attention is given to the coherent growth of Christian faith in connection with worship, alongside the crucial transformation of Christian life and doctrine under the Christian Emperor. In addition, readers interested in systematic theology are (...) offered chapters on the roots of some significant theological notions in Christian Antiquity, also with reference to ancient philosophy. The team of editors invited leading scholars from various international academic centres to contribute their comments based on their research and teaching. The book finishes with appendices and indexes giving information on biblical references, updated publications, electronic resources and classified bibliographies. (shrink)

In this article we focus on note taking as a practice that is fundamental to (higher) education. We argue that note-taking should not primarily be regarded as a method that supports effective learning, but as formative of the student herself (making her attentive and granting possibilities for self-transformation). Hence it is a practice that has educational meaning in and of itself. It is a pedagogical form in its own right. We go on arguing that the practice of lecturing can itself (...) be seen as a form of note taking and that both phenomena are not only closely related, but also that note making and lecturing consist of reciprocal operations. Studying on the basis of one’s notes comes down to the reverse operation the teacher had to perform when preparing her lessons. Moreover, thanks to making notes during a class students have a deeply embodied sense of what it means to generate and to construct new arguments and ideas. (shrink)

We study model theory of actions of finite groups on substructures of a stable structure. We give an abstract description of existentially closed actions as above in terms of invariants and PAC structures. We show that if the corresponding PAC property is first order, then the theory of such actions has a model companion. Then, we analyze some particular theories of interest (mostly various theories of fields of positive characteristic) and show that in all the cases considered the PAC property (...) is first order. (shrink)

The present paper is a response, of sorts, to the challenges of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID) and lockdown that we all must face. We have an idea of what doctors, nurses, teachers, among many of the other professions, do for the general public, but one may ask whether there is something substantial that philosophers and ethicists can offer in these circumstances. The thesis of this paper is that the stoic attitude towards times of trouble and the pragmatist way of finding (...) out what is possible to elevate the quality of living against all odds, if skilfully interwoven, could be an important tool in keeping mental health in good shape and, additionally, could contribute to the cultural scene at large. If this is the case, stoic pragmatists can indeed offer an interesting example of practical philosophy for many audiences, especially during the pandemic lockdown and, perhaps, for other serious difficulties or problems. To be effective in delivering their message, stoic pragmatists, as most with philosophers today, should enrich their textual and oral modes of traditional transmission of knowledge and become digital-culture public intellectuals that can recognize and reach more general audiences by, among other things, visual modes of digital communication. (shrink)

The paper examines the Tattvôpaplava-siṁha of Jayarāśi Bhaṭṭa, and presents an analysis of his positive arguments that can be traced in the work. Despite the widely held opinion that Jayarāśi was a sceptic or held no positive opinions, the author concludes that, first, Jayarāśi does not fit a standard description of a sceptic. What may appear as an approach to philosophical problems, typical of a sceptic, turns out to be Jayarāśi’s particular method of critical examination on the part of a (...) rationalist. Second, a number of positive views Jayarāśi entertains can be identified in his work, and most of them overlap with much of the doctrine of the Cārvākas and Lokāyatas and materialist tradition recorded as early as the Sāmañña-phala-sutta. Therefore, Jayarāśi should be classified as a representative of the Cārvāka/Lokāyata tradition. (shrink)

The main goal of the paper is to present a putative role of consciousness in language capacity. The paper contrasts the two approaches characteristic for cognitive semiotics and cognitive science. Language is treated as a mental phenomenon and a cognitive faculty. The analysis of language activity is based on the Chalmers’ distinction between the two forms of consciousness: phenomenal and psychological. The approach is seen as an alternative to phenomenological analyses typical for cognitive semiotics. Further, a cognitive model of the (...) language faculty is described. The model is implemented in SNePS/GLAIR architecture and based on GATN grammar and semantic networks as a representation formalism. The model - reflecting traditionally distinguished linguistic structures - consists of phonological, syntactic, and semantic modules. I claim that the most important role in the phenomenon of language is played by psychological consciousness. Phenomenal consciousness accompanies various stages of language functioning, but is not indispensable in explanations of the language faculty. (shrink)

In the discussions concerning the date of Dharmakīrti, Jaina sources have never been seriously taken into account. They may, however, provide a valuable insight because Dharmakīrti both criticised and was criticised by Jaina thinkers. Two Jaina authors, Samantabhadra and Pūjyapāda Devanandin, may prove crucial in determining the actual dates of Dharmakīrti. The paper argues that Dharmakīrti directly influenced Samantabhadra in a number of ways, which sets the terminus ante quem for Dharmakīrti, and his traditional chronology has to be reconsidered in (...) the light of new findings. The paper suggests new dates for all the three authors. (shrink)

I. Singminji sigi p'yŏn -- II. Chŏnhwan'gi ŭi iron oe.

We study the structure of the partial order induced by the definability relation on definitions of truth for the language of arithmetic. Formally, a definition of truth is any sentence \(\alpha \) which extends a weak arithmetical theory (which we take to be \({{\,\mathrm{I\Delta _{0}+\exp }\,}}\) ) such that for some formula \(\Theta \) and any arithmetical sentence \(\varphi \), \(\Theta (\ulcorner \varphi \urcorner )\equiv \varphi \) is provable in \(\alpha \). We say that a sentence \(\beta \) is definable (...) in a sentence \(\alpha \), if there exists an unrelativized translation from the language of \(\beta \) to the language of \(\alpha \) which is identity on the arithmetical symbols and such that the translation of \(\beta \) is provable in \(\alpha \). Our main result is that the structure consisting of truth definitions which are conservative over the basic arithmetical theory forms a countable universal distributive lattice. Additionally, we generalize the result of Pakhomov and Visser showing that the set of (Gödel codes of) definitions of truth is not \(\Sigma _2\) -definable in the standard model of arithmetic. We conclude by remarking that no \(\Sigma _2\) -sentence, satisfying certain further natural conditions, can be a definition of truth for the language of arithmetic. (shrink)

We prove that the theory of fields with a derivation of Frobenius has the model companion which is stable and admits elimination of quantifiers up to the level of the λ-functions. Along the way, we give new geometric axioms of DCFp.

In his 1887's Mitteilungen zur Lehre von Transfiniten, Cantor seeks to prove inconsistency of infinitesimals. We provide a detailed analysis of his argument from both historical and mathematical perspective. We show that while his historical analysis are questionable, the mathematical part of the argument is false.

In this interview, James L. McClelland responds to questions regarding connectionist models of cognition, a theory inspired by information processing in the brain. McClelland explains the distinction between symbolic and non-symbolic processing for a better understanding of mental processes. He argues that connectionist models can perform the computations which we know the brain can perform. In addition, he responds to several general questions on the perspectives of computational models of cognition.

Dr. Norman L. Geisler has been called the "father of evangelical Christian philosophy." He has written more than one hundred books and taught at universities and top seminaries for some fifty-six years. He was the first president of the Evangelical Philosophical Society and the founder and first president of the International Society of Christian Apologetics. He has spoken or debated in more than two dozen countries and held pastoral/pulpit ministries in four states. Many view him as a cross between Thomas (...) Aquinas and Billy Graham. No one has done more to communicate the modern challenges of the Faith to the "average" Christian, to the church, and to the academy. This volume offers creative and constructive essays from twenty-three contributors, all notable in their own right, who preserve and propagate Dr. Geisler's ideas and express appreciation for his influence. Those who know him best say he is "true, faithful, and blessed by God!" -- from book cover. (shrink)

1. Hŏryŏng, t'ŏng piŏ yŏnghwarhan maŭm -- 2. Ajik tŭrŏnaji anŭn maŭm esŏ chigak i kanŭng han'ga -- 3. Mibal kwa kijil ŭn ŏttŏn kwan'gye in'ga -- 4. Umjiginŭn maŭm kwa koyohan maŭm -- 5. Chigak ŭi sŏnggyŏk kwa kŭ yŏnwŏn e kwanhan munje.

Abstract:The term stoic pragmatism was coined by John Lachs for a theory and practice of the good life in individual, social, and cultural contexts. My intention is not only to promote this interesting idea but also to develop it at some points. In the first instance, I propose something that we may call digital-culture public intellectual as a way for stoic pragmatists to be more visible with their teachings nowadays. Indirectly, and at least to some degree, stoic pragmatists may contribute (...) to the task of the humanization of cyberspace despite its massive algorithmizing according to the Big Tech business models. (shrink)

Despite its importance, the work is rather secondary in the sense that it relies, for the most part, on the Buddhist logical legacy. The first extant commentary is the Nyayavatara-vivrti of Siddharsigani.